![]() ![]() Examples include the combination of 3D-printing/salt leaching 6 and micro-molding/porogen templating 7. Some studies have combined two different methods of fabrication to produce multiple pore sizes or geometries. In the journey toward developing an efficient scaffold, dual porosity scaffolds with a primary interconnected network of big pores and a secondary interconnected network of smaller pores are becoming the matter of interest. This is particularly important when critically sized defects are taken into consideration when nutrient supply is a problem and attempts are being made to improve vascularization 5. While very small pores allow for molecular transport essential for nutrition, waste removal and signaling, bigger pores facilitate cell migration and capillary formation, as well as the incorporation of nerves and blood vessels 3, 4. Although scaffold ingredients and composition play an important role in this matter, tailoring the inner architecture of the scaffold toward imitating the function of natural tissues can further improve cellular function and activity 1, 2.Ĭontrolling the pore size distribution and covering different length scales can considerably influence the scaffold performance. An ideal scaffold should facilitate nutrient supply and waste removal while enabling cell adhesion, growth, proliferation and migration. Engineered constructs, known as 3D scaffolds, resembling the natural Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM) and supporting cell functions are being widely investigated for tissue regeneration purposes.
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